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4. Understanding JAMB Subject Combinations: The Key to Admission Success

Subject combinations play a critical role in determining whether a student qualifies for admission into their desired program or university. Misunderstanding or ignoring this aspect of JAMB often results in lost opportunities, even for candidates with high UTME scores. The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) provides guidelines every year detailing required subject combinations for each course. Yet, many candidates fail to consult this before registering, leading to invalid applications.

To begin with, each university course has a defined JAMB subject combination. For instance, a student intending to study Medicine must sit for Use of English, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. On the other hand, a candidate aspiring for Law must write Use of English, Literature in English, Government or CRK, and another Art or Social Science subject. Choosing the wrong combination makes your score useless because the university cannot consider you for your intended course.

Moreover, some courses have flexibility across institutions. For example, some schools may accept Mathematics instead of Economics for Accounting, but others may not. This is why JAMB’s “Integrated Brochure and Syllabus System (IBASS)” was introduced—to help students find the accurate subject combinations per school and course. Candidates are highly encouraged to consult IBASS via the JAMB website before registering.

Private tutorial centers and online education influencers have also contributed significantly in spreading awareness of proper subject combinations. However, the responsibility still lies with the candidate to verify the information through official sources. Many schools reject candidates after admission lists are published because the JAMB subject combination does not match departmental requirements—even when the UTME score is high.

In addition, some courses require specific O’Level subjects beyond what is tested in the UTME. For example, Engineering often requires at least five O’Level credits in English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and another science subject. Students should ensure they meet both UTME and O’Level subject combinations to avoid rejection during post-UTME or admission screening.

In conclusion, the subject combination is not a trivial matter—it is a make-or-break factor for university admission. Candidates should prioritize researching and confirming the subject requirements for their preferred course and institution before registration. Errors in this area are costly and irreversible after UTME has been written.

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5. How to Register for JAMB UTME and DE: A Step-by-Step Guide

JAMB registration is a multi-stage process that begins months before the actual examination. Candidates are expected to follow a clear protocol, and failure to follow any step correctly can lead to delays, incomplete registration, or ineligibility to sit for the UTME or Direct Entry (DE). Here is a detailed walkthrough of the current registration process, especially for first-timers.

Step 1: Create a JAMB Profile
Every candidate must start by creating a JAMB profile. This can be done by sending the full name (Surname, First Name, Middle Name) via SMS to 55019 or 66019 using a personal phone number. JAMB will send a confirmation code that is needed for registration. Each phone number is tied to a candidate’s record and cannot be reused for another person.

Step 2: Purchase an ePIN
Once the profile code is generated, candidates proceed to purchase the JAMB ePIN. This can be bought from commercial banks, accredited CBT centers, or online payment gateways like Remita. The ePIN is what authorizes the candidate to proceed with the online registration.

Step 3: Biometric and Data Capture
Candidates must visit any accredited CBT center to complete their registration. During this visit, biometrics (fingerprint) and a facial scan will be taken. This biometric data is used to verify the candidate’s identity and will be required on the examination day. Personal details like date of birth, state of origin, choice of institutions and courses, and preferred exam town are also entered here.

Step 4: Choose Institutions and Courses
JAMB allows the selection of four institutions, which can include universities, polytechnics, colleges of education, or innovation enterprise institutions. The first choice is typically the candidate’s most preferred institution. Care should be taken to choose courses that align with the candidate’s interest, subject combination, and career goal.

Step 5: Upload Passport and O’Level Results
Candidates must upload a recent passport photograph during registration. Those who have already obtained their O’Level results (WAEC, NECO, NABTEB) can upload it immediately. Others waiting for results can indicate “awaiting results” but must return later to upload it before admission begins.

Step 6: Collect E-Slip and JAMB Novel
Once registration is complete, candidates are issued a JAMB e-slip containing their registration number, exam center, and date. They also receive the recommended JAMB novel (for Use of English), which will be part of the UTME questions.

It is important to note that Direct Entry (DE) candidates—those who already have OND, NCE, or A-Level certificates—go through a similar process but are required to submit their transcript or evidence of previous qualification. They are exempted from writing the UTME but are evaluated based on their previous results.

In summary, JAMB registration is a serious and detail-sensitive procedure. Candidates must ensure all entries are correct, and that their biometric data is correctly captured. Only accredited CBT centers should be patronized to avoid fraud or disqualification.

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6. JAMB CBT Centers: What to Expect and How to Prepare

Once a candidate has registered successfully, the next step is to prepare for and write the examination at an accredited CBT (Computer-Based Test) center. JAMB phased out paper-based testing since 2015 and made CBT mandatory, requiring all candidates to be familiar with digital interfaces. Here’s what to know about the CBT centers and how best to prepare.

Understanding the CBT Format

The UTME is conducted using computers, and each candidate is assigned a system at a designated CBT center. The exam typically lasts 2 hours and consists of 180 questions across four subjects, each with 40-50 questions. Use of English is compulsory and accounts for 100 marks. The other three subjects contribute 100 marks, bringing the total to 400.

Each CBT center is equipped with computers, power backup, internet connectivity, and security surveillance. Candidates are required to arrive at least one hour before their scheduled time, bringing along their JAMB e-slip and valid ID.

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How to Locate and Identify CBT Centers

JAMB publishes the list of accredited CBT centers across all states on its official website. Candidates should verify the legitimacy of a center before registration. Unaccredited centers often issue fake registration or administer substandard practice tests.

During registration, candidates select their preferred exam town, and JAMB assigns a center within or around that location. It is crucial to familiarize yourself with the exact location before the exam day to avoid lateness.

Tips to Prepare for CBT Exams

1. Practice with CBT Software or Apps: Several platforms like Myschool CBT, Flashlearners, and JAMB official app simulate the real exam interface. Regular practice with these tools builds familiarity and reduces fear of using a computer.

2. Improve Time Management: Each question requires quick and accurate response. Practice pacing yourself to complete all subjects within the time frame.

3. Keyboard and Mouse Basics: If you’re new to computers, learn basic navigation—how to click, scroll, and use keyboard shortcuts. JAMB does not require typing essays, so basic functionality is enough.

4. Mock Exams: JAMB conducts mock CBT exams before the real UTME to help candidates get used to the environment. Though optional, it is highly recommended.

5. Stay Calm and Alert: On exam day, focus on the screen, read questions carefully, and avoid panicking if the system momentarily lags. Invigilators and technicians are always present to help.

What You Must Bring to the Center

Candidates are expected to arrive with the following:

• JAMB Registration e-Slip (Printed Copy)

• Valid passport photograph (already uploaded during registration)

• No bags, mobile phones, or gadgets are allowed

In cases of biometric mismatch or technical glitches, candidates may be rescheduled or asked to come back for verification. It’s essential to remain calm and cooperative.

In conclusion, writing JAMB at a CBT center is a modernized and standardized process. With proper preparation, candidates can handle it successfully even without prior digital experience. Familiarity with the environment, coupled with subject mastery, is the formula for success in JAMB CBT exams.

🔹 7. JAMB Subject Combinations for Different Courses

Choosing the right subject combination in JAMB is one of the most important steps toward gaining admission into any Nigerian tertiary institution. Many students lose their chances because of incorrect subject selection, which is why it’s crucial to understand how it works.

🎯 Importance of Correct Subject Combination

JAMB requires candidates to register for four subjects, one of which must be Use of English (compulsory). The remaining three depend on the course you intend to study. These subjects are assessed in the UTME, and incorrect combinations may result in automatic disqualification, regardless of your score.

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🧠 How to Know the Right Subject Combination

The JAMB brochure is the most reliable guide. It provides course-specific requirements for each university, polytechnic, or college of education. Before registration, always check the brochure or ask a qualified guidance counselor.

Let’s look at common courses and their JAMB subject requirements:

It’s important to cross-check with individual school requirements, as some schools demand slightly different combinations.

🧾 Tips to Avoid Mistakes

1. Never guess your subject combination.

2. Use the official JAMB Brochure or consult your prospective school’s website.

3. Understand the course before choosing—don’t just follow trends.

4. Attend school or online seminars held during the JAMB season.

Incorrect subject combinations are one of the top five reasons students are denied admission in Nigeria annually. Taking extra caution can save your application.

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🔹 8. How JAMB Admission Process Works

Gaining admission into a Nigerian tertiary institution through JAMB involves a multi-step process that goes beyond just scoring high in UTME.

⚙️ JAMB Central Admission Processing System (CAPS)

JAMB introduced CAPS (Central Admissions Processing System) to ensure transparency and fairness in the admission process. Through CAPS, candidates can:

• Check admission status

• Accept or reject offers

• Monitor school recommendations

📝 Step-by-Step JAMB Admission Process

1. UTME Registration & Exam
   Candidates register and sit for the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME).

2. Release of UTME Results
   Results are released online within days. Candidates can check via SMS or the JAMB portal.

3. Post-UTME Screening by Institutions
   Each university conducts post-UTME tests or uses O’level and UTME scores to screen students.

4. Uploading of O’level Results
   Candidates must upload WAEC/NECO/NABTEB results to the JAMB portal. Failure to do this leads to automatic disqualification.

5. CAPS Monitoring
   Candidates monitor their CAPS portal for updates:

   • Not Admitted

   • Admission in Progress

   • Admission Offered

6. Accept/Reject Admission
   Once admitted, candidates must accept the offer on CAPS before proceeding with school admission letters.

🧩 Common Terms in JAMB CAPS

• Recommended: The school has recommended you; awaiting JAMB approval.

• Admission in Progress: Your admission is being processed.

• Accepted/Rejected: Action required by the candidate.

⚠️ Note on Multiple Admission

If you’re offered admission by multiple institutions (through IJMB, JUPEB, or Direct Entry), you can only accept one through JAMB CAPS to avoid being disqualified by JAMB.

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🔹 9. JAMB Regularization and Direct Entry Explained

Apart from UTME, JAMB provides alternate routes to admission such as Direct Entry and JAMB Regularization, particularly for diploma and part-time students.

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📘 What is JAMB Regularization?

JAMB Regularization is the process of validating admission that was not properly documented with JAMB initially. It’s common among:

• ND/HND students

• Part-time or distance learning students

• Candidates admitted without JAMB

🔑 Purpose:

To ensure every student has a valid JAMB registration number and can apply for NYSC after graduation.

📝 Regularization Process:

1. Visit JAMB office or approved CBT center.

2. Submit school admission details.

3. Pay the regularization fee.

4. JAMB sends confirmation mail.

5. School validates the admission.

6. JAMB issues registration number.

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📕 What is JAMB Direct Entry?

Direct Entry (DE) is for candidates with ND, HND, NCE, IJMB, JUPEB or equivalent qualifications who want to gain admission directly into 200 Level in universities.

✅ Direct Entry Requirements:

• 5 O’level credits including English and Maths.

• Valid ND, HND, NCE, or equivalent result with minimum grade.

• Transcript or statement of result from previous institution.

📲 Registration Process:

1. Purchase DE form via JAMB portal.

2. Upload academic transcripts and O’level results.

3. Choose institutions and courses.

4. Some schools may still require post-UTME or internal screening.

🧠 Note:

Direct Entry candidates are not required to sit for UTME, but must go through the JAMB application process to get valid admission.

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🎓 Final Advice for Regularization & DE Applicants:

• Always confirm with your former institution if your details are eligible.

• Use valid email addresses and phone numbers.

• Make photocopies of all forms and receipts.

• Do not delay the regularization process as it may affect NYSC mobilization.

10. Resolving Common Issues Faced by JAMB Candidates

While JAMB is a streamlined and digitized process, candidates frequently encounter challenges that, if not properly addressed, can hinder success or delay admission. This section outlines common issues and provides practical steps to resolve them, empowering students with proactive strategies.

10.1. Profile Code Issues

One of the earliest challenges JAMB candidates face is the inability to receive a profile code when sending their NIN to 55019 or 66019. This profile code is crucial as it serves as a candidate’s unique identifier for the exam process.

Causes:

• Using a phone number previously used by another candidate.

• Typographical errors in the NIN.

• Network glitches or telecom restrictions.

• SIM not registered in candidate’s name.

Solutions:

• Ensure the SIM is registered in your own name and linked to your NIN.

• Use alternative networks if issues persist.

• Contact JAMB support or visit a JAMB office for manual code generation.

10.2. Biometric Verification Failures

Biometric verification is mandatory during registration and on the day of the exam. Failed fingerprint verification can bar a candidate from writing the exam.

Prevention Tips:

• Avoid bruises or applying chemicals to your fingers before exam day.

• During registration, ensure all ten fingers are properly scanned.

• If issues arise, escalate them immediately at the CBT centre.

If It Happens on Exam Day:

• Candidates are usually allowed to proceed with manual documentation after writing a report.

• Follow up with JAMB office to avoid disqualification.

10.3. Examination Technical Glitches

Candidates may encounter:

• System freezes during exams.

• Server disconnections.

• Power outages at the centre.

JAMB Response Protocol:

• JAMB may reschedule affected candidates.

• Always report the incident to invigilators and submit a written complaint.

• Stay calm, and follow official announcements via the JAMB portal or NTA.

10.4. Lost Registration Slip or Email Login

Without your JAMB registration slip, you can’t check your result or print the exam schedule.

Solution:

• Visit https://efacility.jamb.gov.ng and click on “Print Examination Slip.”

• Provide your registration number, email, or phone number used during registration.

• For lost email passwords, reset via the email provider’s recovery process.

10.5. Result Withholding or Delay

Sometimes JAMB withholds results for further verification.

Possible Reasons:

• Examination malpractice suspicion.

• Biometric inconsistencies.

• Technical issues during submission.

What to Do:

• Monitor JAMB’s official social media or portal for updates.

• If not released within a month, visit the nearest JAMB office with valid ID and registration details.

10.6. Admission Not Reflecting on CAPS

You may be offered admission by a school, yet not see it on your CAPS portal.

Causes:

• School hasn’t uploaded the admission list.

• JAMB is yet to approve the list.

• Error in candidate’s choice of institution.

Solution:

• Use CAPS “Transfer Approval” to accept offers from other departments.

• Contact the school’s admission officer.

• Regularly refresh CAPS portal and update your course preferences when needed.

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11. The Future of JAMB in Nigeria: Trends and Innovations

Over the past decade, JAMB has evolved from a paper-based system to a fully computerized testing and admission management platform. As technology and educational demands advance, the future of JAMB is expected to embrace more digital transformation, personalization, and transparency.

11.1. Full Artificial Intelligence (AI) Monitoring

JAMB has already implemented CCTV surveillance at CBT centres. The next step is integrating AI-based proctoring to:

• Detect suspicious behavior.

• Monitor facial recognition throughout the exam.

• Automate result verification and fraud detection.

Impact:
This reduces reliance on human invigilators, limits malpractice, and speeds up post-exam result processing.

11.2. Mobile App-Based Testing for Distance Learners

With increased smartphone penetration in Nigeria, there is discussion about introducing optional mobile app-based JAMB practice tests, and eventually, controlled testing environments for remote learners—especially for adult education and NCE programs.

11.3. Blockchain for Admission Verification

Blockchain technology offers a secure, immutable way to verify:

• Candidates’ academic history.

• Admission status.

• Transcript authenticity.

Some Nigerian universities are already exploring blockchain-based systems, and JAMB may integrate it into CAPS in the near future.

11.4. Inclusion of More International Test Centers

While JAMB has a few international centres in countries like Saudi Arabia and the UK, plans are underway to expand to more countries for the diaspora, including:

• United States

• South Africa

• UAE

• Germany

This caters to children of Nigerian diplomats and expatriates.

11.5. Enhanced CBT Centres with VR Capabilities

JAMB may adopt Virtual Reality (VR) for practice environments, allowing candidates to simulate exam scenarios. This is especially useful for:

• Reducing exam anxiety.

• Familiarizing rural candidates with CBT systems.

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12. Final Advice: Strategies for JAMB Success

Success in JAMB is not based on luck or shortcuts—it’s based on preparation, planning, and psychological readiness. Below are tried and trusted strategies to help students aiming for top scores.

12.1. Early Start and Syllabus Review

Start reading at least 6 months before your exam. Focus on:

• Understanding the JAMB syllabus.

• Studying recommended textbooks and past questions.

• Dividing your time across the four subjects.

Tip: Download the official syllabus and mobile app from JAMB or trusted educational platforms.

12.2. Structured Timetable with Targets

Create a weekly timetable with achievable goals. Example:

• Mondays: English Comprehension.

• Tuesdays: Mathematics practice.

• Fridays: Mock test simulations.

Use apps like Notion or Google Calendar to track your study time.

12.3. Use of Past Questions and Mock Exams

Solving JAMB past questions over the last 10 years:

• Improves your speed and accuracy.

• Familiarizes you with question patterns.

• Reveals frequently repeated topics.

Enroll in at least two mock CBT exams before the main one.

12.4. Peer Study Groups and Online Communities

Join a study group in your school or on platforms like WhatsApp and Telegram where students discuss tough topics.

Benefits:

• Motivation from peers.

• Exchange of materials and tips.

• Access to shared notes and practice resources.

12.5. Mental Health and Confidence Building

Exam anxiety can ruin weeks of preparation. Avoid:

• Late-night cramming.

• Comparing your progress with others.

Instead:

• Sleep early before exam day.

• Eat well and stay hydrated.

• Say positive affirmations (e.g., “I’m prepared and I’ll succeed”).

12.6. Follow-Up After the Exam

Once the exam is over:

• Don’t panic if your result doesn’t show immediately.

• Monitor CAPS regularly for admission updates.

• Consider post-UTME preparations if your school requires one.

13. Final Preparations and Exam Day Tips

At the final stretch before the exam, preparation should shift from intense study marathons to psychological readiness and strategic review. Many students neglect this phase, yet it often makes the crucial difference in performance.

a. Practice with Past Questions Again

During your final days (about 5–7 days before the exam), go over several full-length past JAMB questions under timed conditions. Prioritize:

• Speed and accuracy: Try to finish each subject within the official allotted time.

• Error analysis: Note where you still make mistakes and understand the reason behind them.

• Time allocation per subject: Know your pace—e.g., English (75 questions) should be done in about 45–50 minutes.

b. Pack Your JAMB Essentials in Advance

To avoid last-minute panic, pack your exam materials early:

• JAMB registration slip with your center and time

• Original ID card or valid means of identification (NIN slip or national ID)

• HB pencil and eraser (if needed)

• Clear bag or file
  Do not take any banned items like phones, wristwatches, calculators, or papers. They can get you disqualified.

c. Get to Your Center Early

Arrive at least 2 hours before your scheduled time to avoid being locked out. JAMB is strict with time, and many students have missed their exams due to lateness.

d. Stay Calm and Confident

• Don’t cram the night before.

• Eat well and sleep early to avoid fatigue.

• Say a short prayer or affirmation.

• Maintain a positive attitude—remind yourself of how far you’ve come and believe in your preparation.

e. Follow Computer-Based Test (CBT) Etiquette

Since JAMB is fully CBT-based, understand basic operations:

• Log in carefully with your registration number.

• Use the “Next” and “Previous” buttons to navigate questions.

• Use the “Submit” button only when you’re completely done.

• Don’t attempt to cheat—CBT centers have surveillance and software that track suspicious behavior.

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14. What to Do After the JAMB Exam

Once you click submit, your exam journey ends, but your admission journey continues. What happens next is just as important:

a. Check Your Result Online

• Visit https://www.jamb.gov.ng within a few days after your exam.

• Enter your registration number to view your result.

• Alternatively, you can send “UTME RESULT” to 55019 via SMS (using the same SIM used for registration).

Your result will show your scores per subject and your total mark over 400.

b. Analyze Your Score

• If you score above 250, you’re in a strong position for competitive courses like Medicine, Law, and Engineering.

• A score between 200–250 is good for mid-tier courses.

• Scores below 200 may still secure admission into polytechnics or less competitive university programs.

c. Await Cut-Off Marks

Each university and polytechnic will release post-UTME cut-off marks. Your score must meet or exceed these to be eligible for the next admission phase.

For example:

• UNILAG: 200+

• ABU Zaria: 180–200

• LASU: 190+

• Polytechnic Ibadan: 150+

Some private universities accept lower scores, but with higher fees.

d. Prepare for Post-UTME Screening

Many universities conduct:

• Written exams

• Online screening (uploading results, documents)

• Oral interviews (in few cases)

Have your:

• O’Level results (WAEC/NECO/NABTEB)

• JAMB result slip

• Passport photos

• Local government certificate

• Birth certificate

Post-UTME preparation is vital because some schools combine UTME and Post-UTME scores to determine your aggregate.

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15. JAMB Alternatives and Next Steps if You Don’t Get Admission

Not everyone secures admission through JAMB in a given year. If you’re among those who didn’t make the cut, don’t lose hope. There are still smart alternatives.

a. Consider Polytechnic, College of Education, or Vocational Programs

Many polytechnics and colleges offer great programs in technology, education, and business fields. Some benefits:

• Shorter duration (ND + HND)

• Practical skills

• Easier admission
  You can still cross to a university later via Direct Entry.

b. Explore IJMB, JUPEB, and NABTEB A’ Levels

These are 1-year advanced programs that allow direct admission into 200 level in Nigerian universities. If you missed JAMB or want to skip it entirely next year, consider:

• IJMB: Common in Northern Nigeria, recognized by Ahmadu Bello University and others.

• JUPEB: Popular in Southern universities.

• NABTEB A-level: For technical and vocational streams.

c. Take Online Courses or Certifications

Use your waiting year wisely:

• Learn programming, digital marketing, UI/UX, etc. (platforms: Coursera, Udemy, ALX)

• Get basic diplomas in computer studies, graphics design, or entrepreneurship

d. Retake JAMB Strategically Next Year

If you must retake:

• Start early (October/November revision)

• Learn from this year’s mistakes

• Choose smarter subject combinations

• Target schools with less competitive admission procedures

e. Apply to Open University or Foreign Institutions

• NOUN (National Open University of Nigeria) accepts students year-round without JAMB.

• Foreign universities in Ghana, Benin, Cyprus, Canada, and the UK offer affordable and accessible programs, though costs may be higher.

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✅ Conclusion

Success in JAMB is not about being the smartest student, but about preparation, resilience, strategy, and confidence. From registration to final admission, each step is crucial. Thousands of students across Nigeria succeed each year—you can too. Whether it’s your first time or a retake, use the tips in this guide to navigate your JAMB journey with clarity and purpose.